The company that became Western Union began as the New York and Mississippi Valley Printing Telegraph Company in 1851 — a startup trying to build telegraph infrastructure westward from Rochester. The telegraph business required vast amounts of capital for line construction, and the consolidation of dozens of regional operators into a single network happened faster than almost anyone in the industry expected. By 1856 the company had renamed itself Western Union, reflecting its geographic ambitions. By 1861, working with other telegraph operators, Western Union completed the first transcontinental telegraph line, rendering the Pony Express — which had been operating for eighteen months — instantly obsolete. The line reached San Francisco on October 24, 1861; the Pony Express stopped operations two days later. The stock ticker, introduced in 1871, was the information product that made Western Union the essential financial infrastructure of the Gilded Age — before electronic price dissemination, the only way to know current stock prices was through the Western Union wire. That relationship with financial information was the company's earliest connection to money movement, though actual funds transfer came later. The money transfer business grew through the twentieth century as labor migration created demand for reliable remittance channels. Immigrants working in the United States needed a way to send money home that was more reliable than cash in an envelope. Western Union's nationwide agent network — built for telegraphs and then for all-purpose communications — repurposed naturally for cash-based money transfer, and the business grew steadily for decades before digital alternatives existed.