Polestar operates an asset-light, direct-to-consumer luxury electric performance brand originating from the joint sponsorship of Volvo Car Group and Geely Holding. Polestar generates revenue by selling premium electric vehicles—including the Polestar 2 fastback, Polestar 3 luxury SUV, Polestar 4 SUV coupe, and Polestar 5 GT—utilizing digital direct-sales platforms supported by boutique urban retail galleries ('Polestar Spaces'). By leveraging contract manufacturing agreements with Volvo and Geely assembly plants in China, the United States (Ridgeville, South Carolina), and South Korea (Busan), Polestar avoids the substantial capital expenditure required to construct proprietary greenfield automotive assembly factories. Revenue is augmented through over-the-air (OTA) performance software upgrades, connected vehicle telemetry, customer financing partnerships, and post-sales technical service agreements managed through Volvo's established global dealership service network.