IBM vs Target: Founders, CEOs and History
IBM was founded in 1911 by Charles Ranlett Flint and is led by Arvind Krishna. Target was founded in 1902 by George Dayton and is led by Michael Fiddelke.
Company facts
Founders
IBM
Charles Ranlett Flint
IBM possesses the most historic, foundational founding story in the entire history of modern computing, tracing its corporate lineage back to the genesis of data processing in the late 19th century and the aggressive, well-known leadership of a single, strong…
Target
George Dayton
George Draper Dayton became a partner in Goodfellow's Dry Goods Company, one of the largest department stores in Minneapolis, in 1902, and became sole owner and president within a year, renaming it the Dayton Dry Goods Company.
CEOs and their tenures
IBM
- Louis V. Gerstner Jr.1993–2002
Chairman and CEO
Gerstner was the first IBM CEO hired from outside the company, coming from RJR Nabisco and American Express. He cut costs, cut mainframe prices, kept the company whole, and grew services into IBM's largest business.
Source - Samuel J. Palmisano2002–2011
Chairman, President and CEO
IBM focused on higher-margin services and software during his tenure. Ginni Rometty succeeded him in 2012.
Source - Virginia M. Rometty2012–2020
Chairman, President and CEO
IBM sold or exited lower-margin businesses under Rometty and bought Red Hat for about $34 billion. Arvind Krishna succeeded her in 2020.
Source - James J. Kavanaugh2018–present
Senior Vice President, Finance and Operations, and Chief Financial Officer
Kavanaugh is IBM's main voice on free cash flow targets, which reached $14.7 billion in FY2025.
Source - Arvind Krishna2020–present
Chairman and CEO
Krishna, a long-time IBM Research and software executive, led the Red Hat acquisition before becoming CEO.
Source
Target
- Robert J. Ulrich1994–2008
Chairman and CEO
Under Ulrich Target grew into the second-largest US discount retailer, built its design-partnership model with designers such as Michael Graves, and added the Super Target format. He retired as chief executive in 2008 and was succeeded by Gregg Steinhafel.
Source - Gregg Steinhafel2008–2014
Chairman, President and CEO
Steinhafel resigned in May 2014 after the data breach and the poor results of Target Canada, which the company closed in 2015 after losses. Brian Cornell succeeded him later in 2014.
Source - Brian Cornell2014–2026
Former Chairman and CEO
Cornell's tenure ended amid a stock and sales slump, with revenue declining for three consecutive fiscal years (from $107.412 billion in FY2023 to $104.780 billion in FY2025) even as the omnichannel infrastructure he built began paying off in the following qua…
Source - Michael Fiddelke2026–present
Chief Executive Officer
Fiddelke inherited a company coming off three straight years of revenue decline. His first two quarters as CEO delivered growth: Q1 FY2026 net sales rose 6.7% and Q2 FY2026 net sales rose 5.3% to $26.5 billion, with comparable traffic up 3.6%.
Source
Timeline: IBM and Target side by side
1902Target
Dayton Company is founded
George Dayton becomes a partner in Goodfellow's Dry Goods Company in Minneapolis in 1902, then sole owner in 1903, renaming it Dayton Dry Goods Company -- the business that eventually becomes Target Corporation.
1911IBM
Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company Founded
Charles Ranlett Flint merged the Tabulating Machine Company, International Time Recording Company, Computing Scale Company, and Bundy Manufacturing Company to form CTR - the company that would become IBM.
1924IBM
Renamed to International Business Machines
Under Thomas J. Watson Sr. CTR was renamed International Business Machines Corporation (IBM), reflecting the company's growing international presence and ambition beyond tabulating machines.
1952IBM
IBM 701 - First Commercial Computer
IBM launched the 701, its first commercially available electronic computer, marking the company's decisive entry into the electronic computing era and beginning its dominance of the mainframe market.
1962Target
First Target store opens
The first Target discount store opens in Roseville, Minnesota.
1964IBM
System/360 Launch
IBM launched the System/360, a compatible family of computers spanning all price points. The $5 billion investment was the largest privately funded project at the time and established the mainframe industry standard for decades.
1981IBM
IBM Personal Computer Launch
IBM introduced the IBM PC, which standardized personal computing architecture and created the PC industry. The open architecture decision inadvertently created the Wintel duopoly that would ultimately commoditize IBM's own PC business.
1993IBM
Lou Gerstner Arrives - Turnaround Begins
Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Became CEO as IBM posted $8 billion in losses. His decision to keep IBM intact rather than break it up, and to pivot toward services, saved the company and redefined its business model for the next two decades.
1997IBM
Deep Blue Defeats Kasparov
IBM's Deep Blue supercomputer defeated world chess champion Garry Kasparov, becoming the first computer to beat a reigning world champion in a full match and establishing IBM's brand in artificial intelligence.
2000Target
Company becomes Target Corporation
Dayton Hudson changes its name to Target Corporation as the discount chain becomes the center of the company.
2013Target
Target Data Breach
Target discloses a data breach affecting more than 40 million customer payment cards during the holiday shopping season, becoming one of the most-cited cybersecurity failures in US retail history.
2014Target
Dermstore Acquired
Target acquires online beauty retailer Dermstore to expand its e-commerce beauty business; it sells the unit to THG for $350 million in 2021.
2015Target
Target Exits Canada
Target announced in January 2015 that it would close all of its Canadian stores, ending an expansion that began in 2013.
2017Target
Target acquires Shipt and Grand Junction
Target acquires same-day delivery platform Shipt for about $550 million and transportation-technology startup Grand Junction, accelerating omnichannel fulfillment.
2019IBM
Red Hat Acquisition Closes
IBM completed the $34 billion acquisition of Red Hat, the largest software acquisition in history at the time. The deal anchored IBM's hybrid cloud strategy and provided the OpenShift platform as the foundation for enterprise Kubernetes.
2020Target
Stores become fulfillment hubs
Target's store-based fulfillment model becomes central to digital growth during the pandemic period.
2021IBM
Kyndryl Spinoff
IBM spun off its managed infrastructure services business as Kyndryl Holdings, removing approximately $19 billion in low-margin revenue to focus the remaining company on higher-margin software and consulting.
2023IBM
Watsonx Platform Launch
IBM launched watsonx, its enterprise AI and data platform combining foundation models (Granite), data management (watsonx.data), and AI governance (watsonx.governance). The platform represents IBM's AI strategy for the generative AI era.
2025Target
Michael Fiddelke named next CEO
Target announces that Michael Fiddelke will succeed Brian Cornell as CEO effective February 1, 2026, after 22 years rising through the company including as CFO and COO.
2026IBM
Confluent Acquisition Closes
IBM completed its roughly $11 billion acquisition of Confluent, adding real-time data streaming used by more than 6,500 enterprises to its AI and hybrid cloud software.
2026Target
FY2025 revenue is reported
Target reports FY2025 revenue of $104.780B and net income of $3.705B, the third consecutive year of revenue decline.
2026Target
Q1 FY2026 sales rebound
Target reports Q1 FY2026 net sales growth of 6.7% and comparable sales growth of 5.6% under new CEO Michael Fiddelke.
2026Target
Q2 FY2026 growth and raised outlook
Target reports Q2 FY2026 net sales of $26.5B (+5.3%), comparable sales growth of 3.8% and raises full-year guidance to about 5% sales growth.
Acquisitions
IBM
- Confluent2026$11B
- HashiCorp2025$6.4B
- Apptio2023$4.6B
- Red Hat2019$34B
- PricewaterhouseCoopers Consulting2002$3.5B
- Lotus Development Corporation1995$3.5B
Questions about IBM vs Target
Who is the CEO of International Business Machines Corporation and Target Corporation?
International Business Machines Corporation is led by Arvind Krishna and Target Corporation is led by Michael Fiddelke. Both serve as the top executive responsible for the company's strategy, operations, and financial performance.
When was International Business Machines Corporation founded vs Target Corporation?
Target Corporation was founded in 1902 — 9 years before International Business Machines Corporation, which was founded in 1911. Target Corporation's longer operating history gives it a deeper track record but also potentially more institutional inertia compared to the younger International Business Machines Corporation.
How many employees does International Business Machines Corporation have compared to Target Corporation?
International Business Machines Corporation employs approximately 264,300 people, while Target Corporation employs approximately 415,000. Target Corporation has the larger workforce at 415,000 employees, compared to International Business Machines Corporation's 264,300. A higher headcount does not necessarily imply greater efficiency — it often reflects differences in business model (e.g., manufacturing vs. software).
Where are International Business Machines Corporation and Target Corporation headquartered?
Both International Business Machines Corporation and Target Corporation are headquartered in United States, meaning they operate under the same primary regulatory and tax environment.
Who founded International Business Machines Corporation and Target Corporation?
International Business Machines Corporation was founded by Charles Ranlett Flint. Target Corporation was founded by George Dayton.
Which company has a longer operating history — International Business Machines Corporation or Target Corporation?
Target Corporation has been operating for approximately 124 years, making it the more established of the two companies. International Business Machines Corporation has been in operation for around 115 years. A longer operating history often signals greater institutional resilience and brand recognition, though it can also mean slower adaptation to new market conditions.
Figures come from each company's filings and the sources linked beside them. Amounts reported in another currency are shown in US dollars at an approximate rate and marked with ~. Back to the IBM vs Target overview