In the late 1990s, enterprise vulnerability management was a painful, hardware-intensive process. Security administrators had to purchase expensive scanner appliances, install them in corporate data centers, and manually download software patches and signature updates. In December 1999, a team of forward-thinking security entrepreneurs—including Gerhard Eschelbeck and early investors—founded Qualys in Foster City, California, with a radically disruptive thesis: deliver vulnerability management entirely over the web via a multi-tenant cloud SaaS model. In March 2001, legendary technology turnaround executive Philippe Courtot joined as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. Courtot transformed Qualys into a software juggernaut, championing the QualysGuard platform and establishing strategic distribution partnerships with major consulting firms and telecommunications giants. Qualys completed its Initial Public Offering on the NASDAQ stock exchange in September 2012 (ticker: QLYS), raising $72 million and establishing a reputation for pristine financial discipline and software gross margins exceeding 80%. In 2015, Qualys introduced the Qualys Cloud Agent—a revolutionary lightweight endpoint agent that eliminated the need for network-based scan windows by continuously auditing local systems and transmitting lightweight metadata back to the Qualys Cloud Platform. In February 2021, long-serving Chief Product Officer Sumedh Thakar succeeded Philippe Courtot as Chief Executive Officer, continuing Qualys's trajectory of product innovation and high-margin cash generation.