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General Motors Company

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10 historical events · Editorial analysis

General Motors Company Profile: Revenue, Business Model & Strategy

Research depth: 10 milestones · 10 FAQs

General Motors is a public automaker behind Chevrolet, GMC, Cadillac, Buick, GM Financial, and OnStar. It reported $185.02B in FY2025 revenue.

How General Motors makes money: GM makes money mainly by building and wholesaling vehicles to its dealer network, then earning a second layer of profit through GM Financial, its captive lender.

Annual Revenue (FY2025)$185B
Employees155,000
CEOMary Barra
Founded1908
IndustryAutomotive
By Swet ParvadiyaLast reviewed:

General Motors Company key figures

General Motors Company had revenue of $185B for fiscal year 2025, down 1.3% from FY2024. Net income was $2.7B, a net margin of 1.5%.

Source: GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY annual report (Form 10-K, SEC EDGAR, filed 2026-01-27) · Last reviewed September 2026

Revenue growth, FY2016 to FY2025
+2.4% a year
Compound annual rate, $149.2B to $185B
Peak revenue year
FY2024
$187.4B; the latest reported year is 1.3% below the peak
Revenue per employee
$1.2M
FY2025 revenue divided by 155,000 employees; headcount may use another date
Current chief executive
Mary Barra
In the role since 2014 (12 years)
Documented transactions
5
Between 1908 and 2016
Founded
1908
118 years ago
Where was General Motors founded?
General Motors was founded in Detroit, United States in 1908. wikidata.org
When did General Motors start?
General Motors was founded in 1908.
How old is General Motors?
General Motors is 118 years old as of 2026.
In-Depth Analysis
463 words · 3 min read

General Motors Company is an, historic pillar of American industrial might. Founded in 1908 by William C. Durant, GM dominated the entire global automotive industry for nearly an entire century by operating a, diversified portfolio of well-known car brands designed for every conceivable demographic. Despite facing a historic federal bankruptcy during the 2009 global financial crisis, GM restructured and emerged as a disciplined, more profitable modern corporate leader.

The Substantial Truck and SUV Profit Engine

Today, General Motors generates its substantial, very large revenue (reporting $171.8 billion in 2023) by dominating the lucrative American market for substantial full-size SUVs and heavy-duty pickup trucks. By selling strong, ultra-premium vehicles like the Chevrolet Silverado, GMC Sierra, and the well-known Cadillac Escalade, GM mathematically generates very large, multi-billion dollar gross profit margins. These major gas-guzzling giant are the clear critical financial engine that funds the entire global corporation.

The 'Ultium' Electric Vehicle Platform

To survive the aggressive global transition toward zero-emission transportation, GM executed an aggressive, substantial multi-billion dollar strategic gamble on their proprietary 'Ultium' battery architecture. Unlike extensive rivals that hastily modified existing gas cars, GM engineered a significant, scalable modular electric platform designed to physically underpin every single future vehicle, from the extensive Hummer EV to the affordable Chevrolet Equinox. This significant strategy is designed to eventually generate lucrative economies of scale.

Cruise and Autonomous Driving

GM is attempting to dominate the futuristic, market for autonomous robotic taxis through its substantial subsidiary, Cruise. Despite facing disastrous regulatory setbacks and severe safety incidents that temporarily grounded their significant self-driving fleet, GM continues to invest significant billions into this advanced AI technology, betting that primary autonomous mastery will eventually unlock very large multi-billion dollar software service revenue.

Navigating Historic Union Strikes

As a well-known legacy Detroit manufacturer, GM physically operates within a rigid, unionized labor environment. Following aggressive, historically strikes by the United Auto Workers (UAW) union, GM mathematically agreed to lucrative, prominent new labor contracts that significantly severely increased their overall manufacturing costs. To defend their lucrative profit margins GM is executing strong multi-billion dollar stock repurchases and hard-nosed corporate efficiency programs.

Future Outlook and Strategic Execution

Under CEO Mary Barra, GM's legacy mandate is dangerous and binary. She has boldly promised Wall Street that GM will transition to a 100% all-electric vehicle portfolio by 2035. They must ramp up their considerable Ultium battery factories and reduce electric vehicle manufacturing costs before major Chinese competitors flood the global market. This distinct strategic mastery mathematically guarantees their incredible global corporate dominance indefinitely.

Executive Leadership and Global Expansion

CEO Mary Barra's effective strategic vision extends far beyond major North American borders. By targeting lucrative emerging markets and entirely restructuring their Chinese operations to focus entirely on premium luxury electric vehicles, GM mathematically secures very large international growth.

General Motors Company Key Facts

CompanyGeneral Motors Company
Annual revenue change-1.3% (FY2024–FY2025)
Financials$185B (FY2025, last reviewed October 2026)
Market Cap$74.9B
FY2025 net income$2.7B
Last reviewedBy Swet Parvadiya, Founder & Editor - September 2026
Founded1908
Founder(s)William C. Durant
CEOMary Barra
HeadquartersDetroit, Michigan
IndustryAutomotive Manufacturing
Employees155,000+

General Motors Company Profile: Revenue, Business Model & Strategy

"General Motors Company is a public automaker behind Chevrolet, GMC, Cadillac, Buick, GM Financial, OnStar, and a growing EV portfolio. It reported $185.02 billion in fiscal 2025 revenue, $2.70 billion in net income attributable to stockholders, and about 155,000 employees."

Why General Motors Company Wins

GM wins when its truck, SUV, financing, and dealer strengths create cash flow that newer automakers cannot replicate quickly. Its four-brand portfolio lets it cover mainstream, premium, commercial, and luxury segments with shared manufacturing scale.

General Motors Company operates in a competitive market alongside Ford Motor Company, Toyota Motor Corporation, Tesla, Inc., Stellantis N.V., Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft. Analysts frequently compare General Motors Company and Ford Motor Company due to their overlapping products, target markets, and strategic positioning. See full comparison →

General Motors is a public automaker behind Chevrolet, GMC, Cadillac, Buick, GM Financial, and OnStar. It reported $185.02B in FY2025 revenue.

Revenue

$185.0B

Founded

1908

Employees

155K+

Market Cap

$74.9B

Key Facts

  • Founded: General Motors Company was established in 1908 and is headquartered in Detroit, Michigan.
  • Revenue: General Motors Company had $185.0B in annual revenue (FY2025).
  • Valuation: Market capitalization of approximately $74.9B.
  • Scale: General Motors Company employs 155,000 people globally.
  • Business Model: GM makes money mainly by building and wholesaling vehicles to its dealer network, then earning a second layer of profit.
  • Competitive Edge: GM's clearest advantage is scale in U.S. full-size pickups and SUVs: it has led the full-size pickup segment for six.

How General Motors Makes Money

Capital Allocation & Scaling Mechanics

GM makes money mainly by building and wholesaling vehicles to its dealer network, then earning a second layer of profit through GM Financial, its captive lender. GM North America (GMNA) is the profit engine: full-size pickups such as the Chevrolet Silverado and GMC Sierra and large SUVs such as the Tahoe, Suburban, Yukon, and Cadillac Escalade carry far higher margins than small cars or current EVs. GM International covers markets such as South America, South Korea, and the Middle East, while China is run through joint ventures (notably SAIC-GM) whose results show up as equity income rather than consolidated revenue. GM Financial earns interest and lease income from retail loans, leases, and dealer floorplan lines that also help move GM inventory. A smaller but growing layer of recurring revenue comes from software and services such as OnStar and the Super Cruise hands-free driving system. GM sold Opel/Vauxhall to PSA in 2017 and stopped selling vehicles in India the same year, so its footprint is now concentrated on North America.

What Is General Motors Company's Growth Strategy?

GM's growth strategy has shifted from an all-EV push to flexibility. It still sells EVs on its Ultium-based platforms, such as the Chevrolet Equinox EV and Cadillac Lyriq, but after 2025 it cut EV capacity, kept investing in gas trucks and SUVs, and plans lower-cost lithium manganese-rich (LMR) cells with LG Energy Solution. In December 2024 GM stopped funding the Cruise robotaxi business and folded that work into its own engineering team. Growth now rests on software and services (OnStar, Super Cruise, and a planned eyes-off driving system), plus disciplined pricing and inventory.

How Much Revenue Does General Motors Generate?

GM's finances are funded by internal-combustion trucks and SUVs. In 2025 it generated $185.0 billion of revenue, $12.7 billion of EBIT-adjusted, and $10.6 billion of adjusted automotive free cash flow, but EV write-downs cut net income attributable to stockholders 55% to $2.7 billion. Q1 2026 revenue was $43.6 billion with $2.6 billion of net income; Q2 2026 revenue was $48.0 billion with $1.3 billion of net income, $3.9 billion of EBIT-adjusted, and North America margins back inside GM's 8-10% target. GM returns large amounts of cash to shareholders and approved a new $6.0 billion buyback alongside a 20% higher quarterly dividend in January 2026. General Motors holds a market valuation of roughly $50 billion, maintaining its legacy as one of the "Big Three" American automakers.

Financial MetricEstimated Value
Market Capitalization$74.9B
Employee Count155,000 +
Latest Annual Revenue$185.0B (FY2025)

Historical Revenue Chart

General Motors Company Annual Revenue History

All figures in USD.

Fiscal YearRevenue FigureYoY Change
FY2016$149.2BN/A
FY2017$145.6B-2.4%
FY2018$147B+1.0%
FY2019$137.2B-6.7%
FY2020$122.5B-10.7%
FY2021$127B+3.7%
FY2022$156.7B+23.4%
FY2023$171.8B+9.6%
FY2024$187.4B+9.1%
FY2025$185B-1.3%

The source for each year is listed on the General Motors Company financials page.

Core Strength

GM's Silverado, Sierra, Tahoe, Suburban, Yukon, and Escalade vehicles collectively dominate multiple segments of the American vehicle market with transaction prices and profit margins that fund the company's entire strategic transformation.

Key Weakness

Weaker U.S. EV demand after the federal $7,500 EV tax credit expired on September 30, 2025 led GM to cut EV capacity and book roughly $7.6 billion of EV-related charges in 2025.

Who Are General Motors Company's Main Competitors?

GM competes with Ford, Toyota, Stellantis, Tesla, Hyundai, Volkswagen, and fast-rising Chinese EV makers. It has deep manufacturing and dealer strengths, but must prove that its EV and software strategy can match the speed and cost structures of newer competitors. GM has led the U.S. full-size pickup segment for six straight years, selling about 940,000 in 2025, and that franchise, its dealer network and GM Financial give it cash flow that EV-only rivals lack. The pressure is on EVs and trade: after the federal $7,500 EV tax credit expired on September 30, 2025, GM cut EV capacity and booked roughly $7.6 billion of EV-related charges, and in April 2026 it guided to $2.5-3.5 billion of gross tariff cost.

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What Is General Motors Company's Full Historical Timeline?

Historical Timeline & Strategic Pivots

Key Milestones

1908 - General Motors Founded

Durant incorporates General Motors in Hudson, New Jersey, on September 16, 1908, with Buick Motor Company as its primary asset. The founding vision is to create a holding company that can aggregate multiple automobile brands and suppliers under unified ownership.

1909 - Cadillac and Oldsmobile Acquired

GM acquires Oldsmobile and the prestigious Cadillac Automobile Company, establishing the multi-brand architecture that will define GM's market segmentation strategy for decades. Cadillac's reputation for quality and precision manufacturing gives GM immediate credibility in the luxury segment.

1923 - Alfred Sloan Becomes President

Sloan takes the GM presidency and begins implementing the decentralized divisional management structure and market segmentation strategy that transforms GM into the world's most admired corporate organization. His 'a car for every purse and purpose' philosophy creates a coherent brand ladder from Chevrolet to Cadillac.

1931 - GM Surpasses Ford as World's Largest Automaker

General Motors overtakes Ford Motor Company as the world's largest automobile manufacturer by sales volume, a position it would hold for the majority of the next seven decades. The milestone reflects the success of Sloan's multi-brand strategy against Ford's single-model approach.

1984 - Saturn Corporation Founded

GM establishes Saturn as a separate subsidiary intended to compete with Japanese small cars through innovative labor relations, retail practices, and manufacturing processes. Saturn represents GM's most ambitious attempt to respond to quality and cost challenges posed by Toyota, Honda, and other Japanese manufacturers.

1996 - OnStar Connected Vehicle Service Launched

GM introduces OnStar, the world's first embedded cellular connected vehicle service, offering emergency assistance, stolen vehicle tracking, and remote diagnostics. The service launches in select Cadillac models and eventually expands across the GM lineup, establishing a connected services platform that serves more than 16 million vehicles by 2024.

2009 - Chapter 11 Bankruptcy and Government Bailout

General Motors files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection on June 1, 2009, with $49.5 billion in U.S. Government assistance as part of the Troubled Asset Relief Program. The company emerges from bankruptcy in just 40 days as a restructured 'new GM,' having eliminated Pontiac, Saturn, Saab, and Hummer brands and renegotiated labor agreements with the UAW.

2010 - IPO Return to Public Markets

General Motors returns to public markets through an initial public offering on November 18, 2010, raising approximately $23.1 billion - at the time one of the largest IPOs in U.S. Treasury to begin recovering its bailout investment and reestablishes GM as an independently financed public company.

2014 - Mary Barra Becomes CEO

Mary Barra, a 33-year GM veteran with a background in engineering and manufacturing, becomes CEO on January 15, 2014, becoming the first female CEO of a major global automaker. She immediately faces the ignition switch recall crisis, which she navigates with a public commitment to transparency and cultural change that defines her leadership tenure.

2016 - Cruise Automation Acquired

GM acquires Cruise Automation, a San Francisco-based autonomous vehicle startup, for approximately $1 billion - at the time one of the largest acquisitions in GM's modern history. The deal signals GM's commitment to autonomous driving technology and establishes Cruise as its dedicated AV development subsidiary.

2021 - Ultium Platform and EV Commitment Announced

GM announces its commitment to invest more than $35 billion in electric and autonomous vehicles through 2025 and introduces the Ultium battery platform as the technological foundation for dozens of future EV models across all four U.S. The announcement represents the most ambitious electrification commitment in GM's history.

2024 - Cruise Robotaxi Program Ended

Following the October 2023 Cruise pedestrian incident and a long operational pause, GM announced in December 2024 that it would stop funding Cruise's robotaxi business and fold the unit's technology work into GM. GM's China joint ventures also faced losses and restructuring as domestic EV brands took share.

2025 - EV Capacity Cut and $7.6 Billion in EV Charges

federal EV tax credit expired on September 30, 2025, GM cut EV production capacity and recorded about $7.6 billion of EV-related charges for the year. The charges drove a $3.3 billion fourth-quarter net loss, while GM still finished 2025 as the top-selling U.S.

2026 - Guidance Raised as North America Margins Recover

GM reported Q2 2026 revenue of $48.0 billion and EBIT-adjusted of $3.9 billion, with North America margins back in its 8-10% target range, and raised full-year 2026 EBIT-adjusted guidance to $14.0-16.0 billion.

Risks & Weaknesses

Analytical Assessment

Primary Risk Factor

The biggest risk is margin compression during the transition. If EV adoption, Chinese competition, interest rates, or regulatory costs move faster than GM's ability to earn returns on new platforms, the cash generated by trucks and SUVs may have to subsidize too much change at once.

Risk assessment based on public filings, SWOT analysis, and verified industry data. Not financial advice.

How Did General Motors Start and Grow?

Established

1908

Fiscal Revenue (FY2025)

$185.0B

Workforce

155K+

HQ Location

Detroit, Michigan

Key Turning Point

: The Strategic Shift That Created a Behemoth

The 2009 bankruptcy and government-assisted restructuring represents the most dramatic strategic pivot in GM's modern history. Entering bankruptcy with more than a dozen brands, hundreds of dealer relationships, and a bloated cost structure built on decades of growth assumptions, GM emerged 40 days later as a different company: four core brands (Chevrolet, GMC, Buick, Cadillac) instead of eight, thousands of dealer contracts terminated, tens of billions in debt eliminated, and UAW agreements renegotiated to reduce legacy benefit costs that had been structurally uncompetitive for decades. The restructuring also allowed 'new GM' to shed the pending ignition switch litigation that was associated with pre-bankruptcy GM, though that legal shelter later became the source of additional controversy.

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Research Profile

Our analysts compile business strategy profiles from public financial filings, press releases, and analyst reports. Each profile is reviewed for accuracy before publication by our editorial desk and updated on a rolling basis.

Frequently Asked Questions About General Motors

What is General Motors worth?

GM's market capitalization was roughly $72-77 billion in mid-September 2026, based on its share price and shares outstanding. The value moves daily with the stock price.

How much revenue did General Motors make in 2025?

GM reported $185.02 billion in revenue for 2025, down 1.3% from $187.44 billion in 2024. Net income attributable to stockholders was $2.70 billion, reduced by about $7.6 billion of EV-related charges, while EBIT-adjusted was $12.7 billion.

Who are General Motors' main competitors?

GM competes mainly with Ford, Toyota, Stellantis (Ram, Jeep), Hyundai-Kia, Honda, and Tesla in the U.S., and with Volkswagen and Chinese automakers such as BYD globally. Its fiercest rivalry is with Ford and Ram in full-size pickups.

Who is the CEO of General Motors?

Mary T. Barra is Chair and CEO of General Motors. She became CEO in January 2014, the first woman to lead a major global automaker. Mark Reuss is President and Paul Jacobson is CFO.

Who owns General Motors?

General Motors is a publicly traded company listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker GM. It is owned by its shareholders, mostly large institutional investors and index funds. The U.S. Treasury, which took a majority stake in the 2009 bailout, sold its last GM shares in December 2013.

How does General Motors make money?

GM makes most of its money by selling vehicles to dealers in North America, where full-size pickups and SUVs such as the Silverado, Sierra, Tahoe, Yukon, and Escalade earn the highest margins. GM Financial adds interest and lease income, and services such as OnStar and Super Cruise add recurring revenue. In 2025 GM reported $185.0 billion of revenue and $12.7 billion of EBIT-adjusted.

What is General Motors Company and what core automotive brands does it produce?

General Motors Company (NYSE: GM) is a Detroit-based automaker that designs, builds, and sells vehicles under four main brands: Chevrolet, GMC, Cadillac, and Buick. It also runs GM Financial, its auto lending arm, and OnStar connected services. In 2025 it reported $185.0 billion in revenue.

Where is General Motors headquartered and where are its principal manufacturing hubs located?

General Motors is headquartered at the Renaissance Center in Detroit, Michigan, transitioning its global headquarters to the Hudson's Detroit development. Key North American manufacturing facilities include the Fort Wayne Assembly in Indiana, Flint Assembly in Michigan, Arlington Assembly in Texas, Spring Hill Manufacturing in Tennessee, and Factory ZERO in Detroit-Hamtramck.

Who serves as the Chief Executive Officer and Chair of General Motors?

Mary T. Barra serves as the Chair and Chief Executive Officer of General Motors, having led the enterprise since January 2014. Barra is the first female CEO of a major global automaker and has spearheaded GM's strategic pivot toward electric propulsion architectures, advanced battery chemistry, software-defined vehicle platforms, and autonomous driving technology.

What is the Ultium modular battery platform developed by General Motors?

The Ultium modular battery platform is GM's proprietary electric vehicle propulsion architecture featuring flexible pouch cell battery chemistries with nickel-cobalt-manganese-aluminum (NCMA) formulations. Ultium enables modular battery pack stacking horizontally or vertically across vehicle categories ranging from mass-market crossovers (Equinox EV) to heavy-duty pickups and ultra-luxury flagships like the Cadillac Celestiq.

Analysis: How General Motors Company Makes Money

Deep dive into the General Motors Company business model, revenue streams, and strategic moats in 2026.

Financial data on this page is sourced from SEC EDGAR filings, official earnings releases, and verified press statements. Revenue figures are reviewed and updated periodically. Read our full data methodology ->

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Company Research

We use company filings, annual reports, company statements and press reports, with primary sources preferred where available. Each financial row shows its recorded source. Full-year figures are separated from annualized run-rates, partial periods and forecasts; unaudited figures carry a label. Source detail varies by company, so check the linked material when the reporting basis matters.

1. Primary Sources

Public companies may provide filings and annual reports. Private-company figures may come from statements or press coverage. A missing figure stays missing, and a source link should identify where its number came from.

2. Expert Curation

We organize company records and review claims for strategic context, source quality and clarity. Pages show a review date where one is recorded.

3. Multi-Pass Audit

Technical checks flag inconsistent figures and missing links. Editorial review of the underlying source remains necessary for claims those checks cannot verify.

Swet Parvadiya
SEC filings & public records methodology
Sourced from public financial records

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Content is for informational purposes only. Not financial advice. Data sourced from SEC filings, annual reports, and public records. See our full disclaimer and methodology.