General Motors vs Toyota: Founders, CEOs and History
General Motors was founded in 1908 by William C. Durant and is led by Mary Barra. Toyota was founded in 1937 by Kiichiro Toyoda, Sakichi Toyoda and is led by Kenta Kon.
Company facts
General Motors
- Founded
- 1908
- Headquarters
- Detroit, Michigan
- Current CEO
- Mary Barra
- Employees
- 155,000
Toyota
- Founded
- 1937
- Headquarters
- Toyota City, Aichi, Japan
- Current CEO
- Kenta Kon
- Employees
- 375,235
Founders
General Motors
William C. Durant
General Motors possesses one of the most chaotic, and consequential founding stories in American business history, built entirely through the aggressive, acquisitions of a single, effective, flawed visionary.
Toyota
Kiichiro Toyoda
Kiichiro Toyoda was an absolutely legendary Japanese mechanical engineer, fiercely visionary industrial pioneer, and the profoundly influential founding patriarch fundamentally responsible for architecting the massively dominant Toyota Motor Corporation.
Sakichi Toyoda
Sakichi Toyoda was not the founder of Toyota Motor Corporation but his inventions and philosophy created the foundation on which it was built. His loom patents generated the capital Kiichiro needed to experiment with automobiles.
CEOs and their tenures
General Motors
- Alfred P. Sloan1923–1956
Former President, CEO, and Chairman
Sloan is arguably the most influential corporate executive of the twentieth century.
Source - Rick Wagoner2000–2009
Former Chairman and CEO
Wagoner's tenure ended in historic disaster, culminating in the 2009 government-managed bankruptcy and his forced resignation by the Obama administration.
Source - Mary Barra2014–present
Chair and Chief Executive Officer
Under Barra, GM has focused on profitability over global volume, regained the top U.S. sales spot, and returned large amounts of cash to shareholders through buybacks.
Source - Paul Jacobson2020–present
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Has emphasized cash generation, inventory and incentive discipline, and returning North America margins to the 8-10% range.
Source - Mark Reuss2020–present
President
Longtime GM product and engineering executive who previously led global product development.
Source - Sterling Anderson2025–present
Executive Vice President and Chief Product Officer
Leads GM's in-house autonomous-driving effort after the end of Cruise robotaxi funding.
Source
Toyota
- Akio Toyoda2009–2023
President and Chief Executive Officer (now Chairman)
Akio Toyoda took leadership during one of Toyota's hardest modern periods, including the global financial crisis and the unintended acceleration recall crisis.
Source - Koji Sato2023–2026
President and Chief Executive Officer (now Vice Chairman)
Koji Sato inherited a profitable but scrutinized Toyota.
Source - Kenta Kon2026–present
President and Chief Executive Officer
Toyota's CFO from April 2020; became President and CEO on April 1, 2026, when Koji Sato moved to vice chairman and chief industry officer.
Source
Timeline: General Motors and Toyota side by side
1908General Motors
General Motors Founded
William C. Durant incorporates General Motors in Hudson, New Jersey, on September 16, 1908, with Buick Motor Company as its primary asset.
1909General Motors
Cadillac and Oldsmobile Acquired
GM acquires Oldsmobile and the prestigious Cadillac Automobile Company, establishing the multi-brand architecture that will define GM's market segmentation strategy for decades.
1923General Motors
Alfred Sloan Becomes President
Alfred P. Sloan takes the GM presidency and begins implementing the decentralized divisional management structure and market segmentation strategy that transforms GM into the world's most admired corporate organization.
1931General Motors
GM Surpasses Ford as World's Largest Automaker
General Motors overtakes Ford Motor Company as the world's largest automobile manufacturer by sales volume, a position it would hold for the majority of the next seven decades.
1937Toyota
Toyota Motor Corporation incorporated
Toyota Motor Corporation was incorporated after Kiichiro Toyoda expanded the Toyoda family business from automatic looms into automobile manufacturing.
1955Toyota
Toyopet Crown launched
The Toyopet Crown gave Toyota a postwar passenger-car platform and later became its first passenger car exported to the United States.
1966Toyota
Corolla launched
Toyota launched the Corolla, a compact car that became central to its mass-market export strategy.
1984General Motors
Saturn Corporation Founded
GM establishes Saturn as a separate subsidiary intended to compete with Japanese small cars through innovative labor relations, retail practices, and manufacturing processes.
1989Toyota
Lexus launches
Toyota launched Lexus with the LS 400, moving into premium vehicles with a quality-led strategy.
1996General Motors
OnStar Connected Vehicle Service Launched
GM introduces OnStar, the world's first embedded cellular connected vehicle service, offering emergency assistance, stolen vehicle tracking, and remote diagnostics.
1997Toyota
Prius launches in Japan
Toyota launched the Prius, turning hybrid technology into a mass-produced passenger vehicle.
2009General Motors
Chapter 11 Bankruptcy and Government Bailout
General Motors files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection on June 1, 2009, with $49.5 billion in U.S. Government assistance as part of the Troubled Asset Relief Program.
2010General Motors
IPO Return to Public Markets
General Motors returns to public markets through an initial public offering on November 18, 2010, raising approximately $23.1 billion - at the time one of the largest IPOs in U.S. History. The offering allows the U.S.
2014General Motors
Mary Barra Becomes CEO
Mary Barra, a 33-year GM veteran with a background in engineering and manufacturing, becomes CEO on January 15, 2014, becoming the first female CEO of a major global automaker.
2016General Motors
Cruise Automation Acquired
GM acquires Cruise Automation, a San Francisco-based autonomous vehicle startup, for approximately $1 billion - at the time one of the largest acquisitions in GM's modern history.
2021General Motors
Ultium Platform and EV Commitment Announced
GM announces its commitment to invest more than $35 billion in electric and autonomous vehicles through 2025 and introduces the Ultium battery platform as the technological foundation for dozens of future EV models across all four U.S. Brands.
2024General Motors
Cruise Robotaxi Program Ended
Following the October 2023 Cruise pedestrian incident and a long operational pause, GM announced in December 2024 that it would stop funding Cruise's robotaxi business and fold the unit's technology work into GM.
2025General Motors
EV Capacity Cut and $7.6 Billion in EV Charges
After the U.S. federal EV tax credit expired on September 30, 2025, GM cut EV production capacity and recorded about $7.6 billion of EV-related charges for the year.
2026General Motors
Guidance Raised as North America Margins Recover
GM reported Q2 2026 revenue of $48.0 billion and EBIT-adjusted of $3.9 billion, with North America margins back in its 8-10% target range, and raised full-year 2026 EBIT-adjusted guidance to $14.0-16.0 billion.
2026Toyota
Kenta Kon becomes president and CEO
Kenta Kon became president and CEO on April 1, 2026, while Koji Sato moved to vice chairman and chief industry officer.
2026Toyota
FY2026 sales revenues reach ~$340B (JPY 50.685T)
Toyota reported FY2026 sales revenues of ~$340 billion (JPY 50,684.952 billion) and net income attributable to Toyota Motor Corporation of ~$25.8 billion (JPY 3,848.098 billion).
Acquisitions
General Motors
- Cruise Automation2016$1B
- Buick Motor Company (Original Acquisition)1908Undisclosed
Toyota
- Lyft Level 52021$550M
- CARMERA2021Undisclosed
- Renovo Motors2021Undisclosed
- Daihatsu Motor Co., Ltd.2016Undisclosed
- Toyota Auto Body2012Undisclosed
Questions about General Motors vs Toyota
Who is the CEO of General Motors Company and Toyota Motor Corporation?
General Motors Company is led by Mary Barra and Toyota Motor Corporation is led by Kenta Kon. Both serve as the top executive responsible for the company's strategy, operations, and financial performance.
When was General Motors Company founded vs Toyota Motor Corporation?
General Motors Company was founded in 1908 — 29 years before Toyota Motor Corporation, which was founded in 1937. General Motors Company's longer operating history gives it a deeper track record but also potentially more institutional inertia compared to the younger Toyota Motor Corporation.
How many employees does General Motors Company have compared to Toyota Motor Corporation?
General Motors Company employs approximately 155,000 people, while Toyota Motor Corporation employs approximately 375,235. Toyota Motor Corporation has the larger workforce at 375,235 employees, compared to General Motors Company's 155,000. A higher headcount does not necessarily imply greater efficiency — it often reflects differences in business model (e.g., manufacturing vs. software).
Where are General Motors Company and Toyota Motor Corporation headquartered?
General Motors Company is headquartered in United States and Toyota Motor Corporation is headquartered in Japan. Their different home markets mean they may face different regulatory frameworks, tax regimes, and currency exposure.
Who founded General Motors Company and Toyota Motor Corporation?
General Motors Company was founded by William C. Durant. Toyota Motor Corporation was founded by Kiichiro Toyoda, Sakichi Toyoda.
Which company has a longer operating history — General Motors Company or Toyota Motor Corporation?
General Motors Company has been operating for approximately 118 years, making it the more established of the two companies. Toyota Motor Corporation has been in operation for around 89 years. A longer operating history often signals greater institutional resilience and brand recognition, though it can also mean slower adaptation to new market conditions.
Figures come from each company's filings and the sources linked beside them. Amounts reported in another currency are shown in US dollars at an approximate rate and marked with ~. Back to the General Motors vs Toyota overview