SoFi's national bank charter, obtained in January 2022, is the most important fact about this company that most coverage gets wrong. Before the charter, SoFi funded its loans with warehouse credit facilities and securitization markets — expensive, rate-sensitive structures that compressed margins whenever the Federal Reserve moved. After the charter, it could fund loans with member deposits paying 1% to 2%, lowering its cost of funds by several hundred basis points and transforming the unit economics of every loan it originates. The San Francisco company generated $2.7 billion in net revenue in FY2024, up 26% from $2.1 billion in FY2023, with net income of $479 million marking the first meaningful GAAP profitability in the company's history. Anthony Noto, the former Twitter COO who took over as CEO in 2018, has rebuilt the company from a single-product student loan refinancing service into what the company describes as a financial services platform serving 8.8 million members across personal loans, mortgages, credit cards, checking and savings accounts, investing, and insurance products. The member cross-sell data is the most interesting operational metric in the company. More than 50% of SoFi's members now hold multiple products. A member who opens a high-yield savings account — SoFi offered among the highest rates in the country at various points — tends to take out a personal loan within 18 months at a higher rate than an acquisition-only borrower would accept, because the deposit relationship creates trust and data that enables better credit underwriting. The cross-sell flywheel runs in both directions: cheap deposits reduce funding costs, which enable better loan pricing, which attracts more members, which generates more deposit inflows. The Galileo and Technisys acquisitions, both completed in 2020, added a financial technology infrastructure layer that now processes payments and accounts for hundreds of other fintech companies. This business-to-business segment generates recurring technology fees that are less sensitive to interest rate cycles than the lending business, providing revenue diversification that is structurally different from a pure consumer bank.