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NatWest Group plc

Founders

Who Founded NatWest?

Royal Bank of Scotland, National Westminster Bank · Founded 1727 · HQ today: Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom

Who founded NatWest?

NatWest was founded by Royal Bank of Scotland, National Westminster Bank in 1727. It is now led by Paul Thwaite.

Founders
Royal Bank of Scotland, National Westminster Bank
Founded
1727
Headquarters
Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
Number of founders
2
Current CEO
Paul Thwaite (since 2024)
Where was NatWest founded?
NatWest was founded in Edinburgh, Scotland & London, England in 1727.
When was NatWest founded?
NatWest was founded in 1727.
Who started NatWest?
NatWest was founded by Royal Bank of Scotland and National Westminster Bank.
How old is NatWest?
NatWest is 299 years old as of 2026.

Founding Story

The group traces back to the Royal Bank of Scotland, chartered in Edinburgh in 1727, and to National Westminster Bank, formed in 1968 from National Provincial and Westminster Bank. RBS won a hostile ~$27.7 billion (£21 billion) bid for the larger NatWest in 2000. Under CEO Fred Goodwin it then led the 2007 consortium takeover of ABN AMRO, valued at about $80.2 billion (€71 billion), shortly before the financial crisis. In October 2008 the UK government recapitalised the bank, beginning 17 years of state ownership that ended in May 2025.

Royal Bank of Scotland

Co-founder 1727

Background

The bank was formed by investors in the Equivalent Society, which held compensation paid to Scotland after the 1707 Acts of Union.

Role at NatWest Group plc

The Royal Bank of Scotland was chartered in Edinburgh in 1727 as a rival to the Bank of Scotland and in 1728 introduced the cash credit, an early form of overdraft. It grew through acquisitions, bought National Westminster Bank in 2000, and its parent company was renamed NatWest Group in 2020. RBS remains the group's retail brand in Scotland. (Exact birth year remains publicly undisclosed).

Background

Both predecessor banks were early English joint-stock banks formed after reforms of the 1820s and 1830s loosened the Bank of England's monopoly.

Role at NatWest Group plc

National Westminster Bank was created in 1968 by combining National Provincial Bank (founded 1833) and Westminster Bank (founded 1834 as London and Westminster Bank), with District Bank also folded in. It became one of the UK's big clearing banks and was acquired by the Royal Bank of Scotland in 2000. Its brand now gives the whole group its name. (Exact birth year remains publicly undisclosed).

NatWest Group plc: CEO & Leadership History

Full timeline →

Paul Thwaite

Group Chief Executive Officer

2024 – Present

Under Thwaite, NatWest lifted RoTE to 19.2% in 2025 and 19.7% in H1 2026, returned ~$5.41 billion (£4.1 billion) to shareholders for 2025, and shifted the mix toward fee income through wealth management.

Alison Rose

Former Group Chief Executive Officer

2019 – 2023

She was the first woman to lead a major UK bank and oversaw the return to steady profitability, but her tenure ended over the Coutts account-closure episode.

Ross McEwan

Group Chief Executive

2013 – 2019

The bank returned to annual profit in 2017 and resumed dividends in 2018. Alison Rose succeeded him in November 2019.

Stephen Hester

Group Chief Executive

2008 – 2013

He floated the insurer Direct Line in 2012 as required by European state-aid rules. Ross McEwan succeeded him in 2013.

Fred Goodwin

Former Chief Executive, Royal Bank of Scotland Group

2001 – 2008

The ABN AMRO deal left RBS short of capital when the crisis hit, leading to the 2008 government rescue. Goodwin left in 2008 and his knighthood was annulled in 2012.

George Mathewson

Chief Executive Officer

1992 – 2001

George Mathewson served as chief executive of NatWest Group plc from 1992 to 2001.

Keep researching NatWest

Who Founded NatWest? FAQ

What are the historic founding origins of National Westminster Bank (NatWest)?

National Westminster Bank was created in 1968 through the landmark merger of two historic English clearing banks: National Provincial Bank (founded in 1833 by Thomas Joplin) and Westminster Bank (founded in 1834 as London and Westminster Bank by James William Gilbart).

Who was Thomas Joplin and what was his contribution to British banking?

Thomas Joplin was an influential 19th-century English banking pioneer and writer who campaigned against the Bank of England's monopoly on joint-stock banking, leading to the Banking Act of 1826 and his establishment of National Provincial Bank in 1833.

When and how was The Royal Bank of Scotland originally founded?

The Royal Bank of Scotland was founded in Edinburgh by Royal Charter on May 31, 1727, established with capital from the Equivalent Society (investors in the compensation paid to Scotland after the 1707 Act of Union) to compete with the older Bank of Scotland.

What financial innovation did The Royal Bank of Scotland invent in 1728?

In 1728, The Royal Bank of Scotland invented the world's first modern overdraft facility (cash credit), allowing merchant William Hogg to draw down credit beyond his account balance, a foundational milestone in modern commercial banking.

Who founded Coutts & Co and how did it join NatWest Group?

Coutts & Co was founded in 1692 on the Strand in London by Scottish goldsmith-banker John Campbell. It was developed into a well-known private bank by Thomas Coutts in the 18th century, acquired by National Provincial Bank in 1920, and subsequently integrated into NatWest Group.

Who was Thomas Coutts and why is he renowned in British banking history?

Thomas Coutts (1735 to 1822) was an English banker who served as the trusted personal financial adviser to King George III and high-society aristocrats, establishing Coutts & Co's enduring reputation for utmost client confidentiality, reliability, and bespoke wealth stewardship.

How did the 2000 hostile takeover of NatWest by Royal Bank of Scotland take place?

In early 2000, under then-CEO Fred Goodwin and Chairman Sir George Mathewson, the smaller Royal Bank of Scotland launched a bold ~$27.7 billion (£21 billion) hostile takeover bid for the larger National Westminster Bank, successfully defeating a rival bid from Bank of Scotland.

How did Ulster Bank originate and become part of NatWest Group?

Ulster Bank was founded in Belfast in 1836 by northern Irish merchants to provide joint-stock commercial banking across Ireland, was acquired by Westminster Bank in 1917, and became NatWest Group's operational banking engine in Northern Ireland.

What major financial innovation did The Royal Bank of Scotland invent in 1728?

In 1728, just one year after receiving its Royal Charter in Edinburgh, The Royal Bank of Scotland invented the modern overdraft. They allowed a trusted merchant named William Hogg to withdraw £1,000 more than his account balance, establishing the world's first line of revolving credit.

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Content is for informational purposes only. Not financial advice. Data sourced from SEC filings, annual reports, and public records. See our full disclaimer and methodology.