Fujitsu is intertwined with the history of Japanese technological industrialization. The company was founded in 1935 as a manufacturing spin-off of Fuji Electric (which was a joint venture between the Japanese Furukawa conglomerate and the German giant Siemens). For its first several decades, Fujitsu operated primarily as a manufacturer of telecommunications equipment, acting essentially as a preferred, captive supplier to the Japanese government's major telecommunications monopoly (NTT). In the 1950s, supported by government initiatives to counter American dominance (specifically IBM), Fujitsu pivoted into manufacturing vast, complex mainframe computers.
The Hardware Era and Supercomputers
Throughout the 1980s and 90s Fujitsu was a large, vertically integrated hardware leader. The company manufactured its own semiconductor chips, built strong mainframe computers for banks, produced consumer laptops, and pushed the boundaries of supercomputing. In a vast display of technological capability, Fujitsu repeatedly built the fastest supercomputer in the world (most recently the "Fugaku" supercomputer, jointly developed with the RIKEN research institute). This era established Fujitsu's reputation for, uncompromising engineering precision and reliability, qualities prized by the conservative Japanese banking and government sectors.
The Lost Decades and the Hardware Retreat
However, as the Japanese economy entered a prolonged period of stagnation (the "Lost Decades"), and global technology shifted from strong mainframes to cheap, commoditized cloud servers and mobile phones, Fujitsu's prominent hardware empire became a severe liability. The company found it impossible to compete on price with aggressive, agile manufacturers in Taiwan and China, or with American software giants. Slowly and painfully, Fujitsu executed a strategic retreat from hardware. It spun off its semiconductor business, sold off its personal computer division to Lenovo, and exited the mobile phone market, realizing that manufacturing commoditized consumer hardware was destroying the company's profit margins.
The Pivot to "Uvance" and IT Services
Today Fujitsu is primarily a prominent IT services and consulting firm, attempting to replicate the profitable business models of companies like Accenture or IBM Consulting. The company's modern strategy is entirely centralized around a concept called "Fujitsu Uvance", an aggressive push to sell high-margin "digital transformation" (DX) services. Rather than selling a physical server, Fujitsu consultants help, sluggish Japanese corporations migrate their ancient legacy databases into the cloud, implement artificial intelligence to optimize supply chains, and modernize their cybersecurity infrastructure. This requires a significant cultural shift within Fujitsu, transitioning its vast workforce from traditional, rigid engineering roles into agile, customer-facing consulting roles.
The UK Horizon Scandal
Despite its attempts to modernize its global image, Fujitsu's reputation suffered a catastrophic, historically blow in the United Kingdom due to the "Horizon" scandal. Between 1999 and 2015, the UK Post Office prosecuted hundreds of innocent subpostmasters for theft and false accounting. The discrepancies were not theft; they were entirely the result of significant, systemic flaws and bugs in the "Horizon" IT system, which had been developed and maintained by Fujitsu. The scandal resulted in bankruptcies, suicides, and false imprisonments and is widely considered one of the most devastating miscarriages of justice in British history. The ongoing public inquiries and considerable financial liabilities associated with the Horizon system remain a prominent, toxic overhang on Fujitsu's global ambitions and its reputation for distinct engineering reliability.
