Chevron faces a constellation of challenges in the mid-2020s that test both its financial resilience and its long-term strategic legitimacy. These challenges span commodity price volatility, the energy transition, regulatory pressure, geopolitical risk, and execution complexity on major capital projects. No challenge is more fundamental to Chevron's business than the price of crude oil, which it cannot control and only partially predict. Surprisingly, the long-term structural challenge facing Chevron — and every integrated oil major — is the potential demand destruction for fossil fuels as the global economy electrifies and decarbonizes. **Hess Arbitration and M&A Execution Risk** **Regulatory and Political Risk** Chevron's operations in multiple countries expose it to the full range of political and regulatory risk. International operations in Kazakhstan, Nigeria, and Venezuela carry their own sovereign and regulatory risks.