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Baker Hughes Company

Founders

Who Founded Baker Hughes?

Reuben C. Baker, Howard R. Hughes Sr. · Founded 1987 · HQ today: Houston, Texas, United States

Who founded Baker Hughes?

Baker Hughes was founded by Reuben C. Baker, Howard R. Hughes Sr. in 1987. It is now led by Lorenzo Simonelli.

Founders
Reuben C. Baker, Howard R. Hughes Sr.
Founded
1987
Headquarters
Houston, Texas, United States
Number of founders
2
Current CEO
Lorenzo Simonelli (since 2017)
Where was Baker Hughes founded?
Baker Hughes was founded in Houston, Texas in 1987.
When was Baker Hughes founded?
Baker Hughes was founded in 1987.
Who started Baker Hughes?
Baker Hughes was founded by Reuben C. Baker and Howard R. Hughes Sr.
How old is Baker Hughes?
Baker Hughes is 39 years old as of 2026.

Founding Story

Howard R. Hughes Sr. and Walter B. Sharp were drilling in Texas in the late 1900s where fishtail bits could not cut hard rock. Working from a prototype using two cone-shaped cutters, they tested a dual-cone roller bit in secret on a rig at Goose Creek, Texas, and Hughes was granted U.S. patents on August 10, 1909. The bit crushed rock rather than scraping it and made rotary drilling practical at depth. The partners traded as Sharp-Hughes Tool Company and leased the bits rather than selling them; after Sharp died in 1912 Hughes bought out his stake and renamed the business Hughes Tool Company in 1915. Separately, in California, contract driller Reuben C. Baker patented a well casing shoe on July 16, 1907 and founded the Baker Casing Shoe Company in 1913. The two companies merged in April 1987.

Reuben C. Baker

Co-founder 1907

Background

Reuben Carlton Baker worked as a contract driller in the California oil fields, including Kern River and Coalinga, before his main invention. He was granted U.S. Patent No. 860,115 for the Well Casing Shoe on July 16, 1907, a device that kept oil flowing through a well while casing was run. He founded the Baker Casing Shoe Company in 1913 in Coalinga to manufacture and license casing accessories, and held more than 150 patents despite limited formal schooling. His inventions came out of problems he met in the field rather than from a laboratory.

Role at Baker Hughes Company

Baker Hughes dates from a 1987 merger, but both halves were built on early drilling patents. Reuben C. Baker was drilling in the Coalinga field in California when he patented the Baker Well Casing Shoe on July 16, 1907. Before it, running steel casing to the bottom of a hole without collapsing the wellbore was slow and unreliable; the shoe guided casing down the hole and let it be cemented in place, and the design stayed essentially unchanged for about 40 years. Baker created the Baker Casing Shoe Company in 1913, renamed it Baker Oil Tools in 1928 as the product range widened into completion and production equipment, and the group was reorganised as Baker International Corporation in 1976. In Texas, Howard R. Hughes Sr. attacked the other bottleneck, drilling through hard rock. Fishtail bits scraped rather than cut, which stopped progress in formations like those around Spindletop. With Walter B. Sharp he tested a dual-cone roller bit at Goose Creek, Texas, and was granted patents on August 10, 1909; its hardened steel cones crushed rock and let drillers reach deeper reserves. Sharp-Hughes Tool Company leased rather than sold the bits, and after Sharp died in 1912 Hughes bought his stake and renamed the business Hughes Tool Company in 1915. The two companies ran independently for nearly eighty years until the oil bust of the 1980s pushed them together in April 1987.

Reuben C. Baker was born in 1872 in Purcellville.

Howard R. Hughes Sr.

Co-founder 1909

Background

Howard Robard Hughes Sr. studied engineering and worked as a wildcatter in Texas and Louisiana before partnering with oilman Walter B. Sharp. Working from a prototype using two cone-shaped cutters, the pair tested a dual-cone roller rock bit on a rig at Goose Creek, Texas, and Hughes was granted U.S. patents on August 10, 1909. The bit crushed hard rock instead of scraping it and changed the economics of rotary drilling. Sharp died in 1912, Hughes acquired his stake, and the business was renamed Hughes Tool Company in 1915. The commercial approach was to lease the bits and defend the patents rather than sell the tools outright.

Role at Baker Hughes Company

Howard Robard Hughes Sr. (September 9, 1869 to January 14, 1924) founded Hughes Tool Company. Born in Missouri, he studied engineering and worked the Texas and Louisiana oil fields before going into partnership with Walter B. Sharp. Together they developed the first commercially successful two-cone roller drill bit, tested in secret at Goose Creek, Texas, and patented on August 10, 1909. The bit made rotary drilling practical in hard formations and became the industry standard. After Sharp died in 1912 Hughes bought out his partner stake and renamed the company Hughes Tool Company in 1915. The business generated the fortune his son Howard Hughes Jr. later put into aviation, film and real estate. Hughes Sr. died in 1924; the company he left merged with Baker International 63 years later to form Baker Hughes.

Education: Harvard University; Iowa State University. Howard R. Hughes Sr. was born in 1869.

Baker Hughes Company: CEO & Leadership History

Full timeline →

Lorenzo Simonelli

Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer

2017 – Present

Lorenzo Simonelli has been a director, president and chief executive since the GE Oil and Gas combination closed in July 2017 and chairman since October 2017. He joined GE in 1994, led GE Transportation from July 2008 and GE Oil and Gas from October 2013. Under his leadership the company completed the separation from GE, which ended as an economic interest during 2022, moved its listing to Nasdaq in December 2021, and reorganised four product companies into the OFSE and IET segments in 2022. FY2025 produced record adjusted EBITDA of $4,825M on $27,733M of revenue, record orders of $29,585M and record free cash flow of $2,732M, with a record $35.9B of remaining performance obligations. In 2026 he closed the $13.6 billion Chart Industries acquisition, set it up as a third reporting segment, and sold the Precision Sensors and Instrumentation business to Crane Company while putting surface pressure control into a joint venture with a Cactus, Inc. subsidiary.

Martin Craighead

Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

2012 – 2017

Martin Craighead joined Baker Hughes in 1986, became president in July 2010, chief executive in January 2012 and chairman in April 2013. He agreed the $34.6 billion sale to Halliburton announced in November 2014, led the company through the 2014 to 2016 oil price collapse and the antitrust fight that ended when the deal was abandoned on May 1, 2016 and Halliburton paid a $3.5 billion termination fee. He then negotiated the combination with GE Oil and Gas and served as vice chairman of Baker Hughes, a GE company, until 2019.

Chad C. Deaton

Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer

2004 – 2012

Chad C. Deaton joined Baker Hughes from Hanover Compressor and served as chairman, president and chief executive from October 2004 until January 2012, then as executive chairman from 2012 to 2013. He sold the 30% WesternGeco stake to Schlumberger for $2.4 billion in 2006, concentrating capital on drilling, evaluation and completion technology, and bought BJ Services for $5.5 billion in a deal that closed in April 2010 and added pressure pumping and cementing.

Michael E. Wiley

Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer

2000 – 2004

Michael E. Wiley, previously president and chief operating officer of Atlantic Richfield, became president, chairman and chief executive of Baker Hughes effective August 14, 2000. He was recruited to restore confidence after the Lukens departure and reviewed the division portfolio, weighing fixes and sales of underperforming segments. He retired in 2004 and handed over to Chad C. Deaton on October 25, 2004.

Max L. Lukens

Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer

1997 – 2000

Max L. Lukens joined Baker Hughes in 1981 and served as chairman, president and chief executive from 1997 until January 2000. His tenure covered the $5.5 billion Western Atlas merger agreed in May 1998, which added seismic acquisition and the Baker Atlas wireline business. He resigned in January 2000 after weak share performance and an earnings restatement, and director Joe B. Foster served as interim chairman, president and chief executive until August 2000.

James D. Woods

Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer

1987 – 1997

James D. Woods was chief executive of Baker International and became chief executive of Baker Hughes Incorporated when the merger with Hughes Tool was formally completed in early April 1987. He had sued Hughes Tool in March 1987 to force it back to the table after it walked away from the deal, and he agreed to sell Baker units, including the submersible pump and tricone bit divisions, to satisfy Justice Department antitrust objections. He moved the executive staff from Orange, California, to Houston in February 1987 and began cutting costs immediately after closing, with 850 layoffs and voluntary resignations announced by June 1987.

Keep researching Baker Hughes

Who Founded Baker Hughes? FAQ

Who founded the companies that became Baker Hughes?

Reuben C. Baker founded the Baker Casing Shoe Company in 1913 in Coalinga, California, after patenting a well casing shoe on July 16, 1907. Howard R. Hughes Sr. and Walter B. Sharp built the Sharp-Hughes Tool Company around the two-cone roller drill bit patented on August 10, 1909, which was renamed Hughes Tool Company in 1915.

What was the Baker casing shoe?

A device patented on July 16, 1907 as U.S. Patent No. 860,115 that guided steel casing down a wellbore and kept oil flowing through the well, solving a problem that had made running casing slow and unreliable. The design remained essentially unchanged for about 40 years.

What was the Hughes two-cone roller drill bit?

A bit with two interlocking steel cones studded with teeth that crushed hard rock rather than scraping it like earlier fishtail bits. Hughes and Sharp tested it on a rig at Goose Creek, Texas, and Hughes was granted U.S. patents on August 10, 1909. It made rotary drilling practical in harder, deeper formations.

How did Hughes Tool Company fund Howard Hughes Jr.?

Hughes Tool leased rather than sold its patented rock bits and held a dominant position in the market for decades. Hughes Sr. died in 1924 and the business his son inherited generated the cash that funded Howard Hughes Jr. ventures in aviation, film and aircraft manufacturing.

What was the 1987 merger that created Baker Hughes Incorporated?

Baker International and Hughes Tool Company merged in April 1987 after a Justice Department consent decree was signed and filed. The Los Angeles Times reported the combination at about $1.2 billion. James D. Woods led the merged company and the head office was in Houston.

What is Nuovo Pignone and how did it join Baker Hughes?

Nuovo Pignone is the turbomachinery manufacturer based in Florence, Italy, that General Electric acquired in the 1990s and built into GE Oil and Gas. It came to Baker Hughes with the July 2017 combination and is the engineering core of the gas technology business.

Where is Baker Hughes headquartered?

The principal executive offices are at 575 N. Dairy Ashford Road, Suite 100, Houston, Texas 77079. Press releases are datelined Houston and London, and the company retains major engineering and manufacturing operations in Florence, Italy.

Which pressure pumping pioneer became part of Baker Hughes?

BJ Services, a cementing, pressure pumping and well stimulation company, was acquired in a cash-and-stock deal valued at $5.5 billion that closed on April 28, 2010. Its capabilities now sit inside the Completions, Intervention and Measurements product line.

Who founded Baker Hughes?

The company's foundational technology was invented by Reuben C. Baker (who invented the casing shoe) and Howard Hughes Sr. (who invented the modern rotary drill bit).

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