Texas Instruments Inc.
Company History
Texas Instruments History: Founding, Growth & Key Milestones
Founded 1951 in Dallas, Texas, United States
When was Texas Instruments founded?
Texas Instruments was founded in 1951 in Dallas, Texas, United States by Patrick E. Haggerty, Cecil H. Green, J. Erik Jonsson and Eugene McDermott, making it 75 years old.
- Founded
- 1951
- Founding place
- Dallas, Texas, United States
- Founders
- Patrick E. Haggerty, Cecil H. Green, J. Erik Jonsson and Eugene McDermott
- Headquarters today
- Dallas, Texas, United States
- Milestones documented
- 12 (1951–2023)
- Current CEO
- Haviv Ilan
- Acquisitions
- 5
| Year | Event |
|---|---|
| 1951 | Texas Instruments Incorporated Founded |
| 1952 | Western Electric Transistor License Acquired |
| 1954 | First Commercial Silicon Transistor |
| 1958 | Jack Kilby Invents the Integrated Circuit |
| 1972 | First Handheld Electronic Calculator |
| 1978 | TMS9900: World's First Single-Chip 16-Bit Microprocessor |
| 1983 | Exit from Home Computer Market |
| 1996 | Digital Light Processing Technology Commercial Launch |
| 2011 | National Semiconductor Acquisition for 6.5 Billion Dollars |
| 2013 | Exit from Mobile Application Processor Business |
| 2021 | CHIPS Act Manufacturing Expansion Announcement |
| 2023 | Haviv Ilan Becomes CEO |
- Where was Texas Instruments founded?
- Texas Instruments was founded in Dallas, Texas, United States in 1951.
- Who founded Texas Instruments?
- Texas Instruments was founded by Patrick E. Haggerty, Cecil H. Green, J. Erik Jonsson and Eugene McDermott.
- When did Texas Instruments start?
- Texas Instruments was founded in 1951.
- How old is Texas Instruments?
- Texas Instruments is 75 years old as of 2026.
Founding Story
Texas Instruments grew out of Geophysical Service Inc., a seismic exploration firm founded in 1930. Cecil Green, J. Erik Jonsson, Eugene McDermott and H.B. Peacock bought GSI in 1941, and Patrick Haggerty, who joined after World War II, pushed it into electronics. The company became Texas Instruments in 1951, made the first commercial silicon transistor in 1954, and TI engineer Jack Kilby demonstrated the first integrated circuit in 1958.
Founders
Patrick E. Haggerty
Patrick Haggerty led GSI's move into electronics and pushed Texas Instruments into transistors in the early 1950s, including licensing transistor technology from Western Electric and backing the 1954 Regency TR-1 transistor radio. He later served as TI's president and chairman and is credited with shaping its long-range planning culture. Patrick E. Haggerty was born in 1914 in North Dakota. Patrick Eugene Haggerty was born on March 17, 1914 and died on October 1, 1980. He served as president and chairman of Texas Instruments. Under him the company produced the first silicon transistor, the first commercial transistor radio and the first integrated circuit.
Cecil H. Green
Cecil H. Green served as a director of Texas Instruments from its founding until his retirement from active corporate involvement in the 1970s and made essential contributions to the company's financial management and international expansion. His longest-lasting legacy, however, is philanthropic: the Green family donated more than 200 million dollars to educational and scientific institutions over their lifetimes, establishing the University of Texas at Dallas as a research university, a transformation that ultimately seeded the Dallas technology ecosystem from which TI continues to draw engineering talent. Green was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II in 1991 for his services to education and died in 2003 at the age of 102. Education: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Cecil H. Green was born in 1900.
J. Erik Jonsson
J. Erik Jonsson (1901-1995) was a co-founder of Texas Instruments. In 1930, he joined GSI, an oil exploration firm, and later orchestrated the buyout of the company alongside Cecil Green and Eugene McDermott on the eve of WWII. He pivoted the company toward defense electronics (submarine detection), eventually renaming it Texas Instruments in 1951. He served as President and Chairman, laying the groundwork for the company's massive entry into the semiconductor industry. Education: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Montclair High School. John Erik Jonsson was born on September 6, 1901 and died on August 31, 1995. He later became Mayor of Dallas, where he backed the building of Dallas Fort Worth International Airport. (Exact birth year remains publicly undisclosed).
Eugene McDermott
Eugene McDermott (1899-1973) co-founded Geophysical Service Inc. (the predecessor to Texas Instruments) in 1930. He pioneered the use of reflection seismology to discover oil reserves. During WWII, he guided the company's expansion into manufacturing highly sensitive electronic equipment for the US Navy, establishing the high-precision manufacturing culture that defined TI's later success in microchips. McDermott was born on February 12, 1899 and died on August 23, 1973. His other inventions ranged from geochemical methods to antisubmarine warfare, often using sonar. Eugene McDermott was born in 1899.
Key Milestones
Texas Instruments Incorporated Founded
Texas Instruments Incorporated was formally established as an independent entity in 1951 by Cecil H. Green, J. Erik Jonsson, Eugene McDermott, and Patrick E. Haggerty, growing out of the electronics manufacturing operations of Geophysics Service Incorporated. The new company was incorporated in Delaware and began operations focused on defense electronics and early transistor development.
Source: en.wikipedia.orgWestern Electric Transistor License Acquired
TI acquired a license from Western ElectricAT&T's manufacturing subsidiaryto produce transistors based on Bell Laboratories' technology for a fee of 25,000 dollars. The license gave TI the intellectual property foundation it needed to enter the semiconductor manufacturing business and was one of the most consequential technology licensing transactions in the history of the electronics industry.
Source: en.wikipedia.orgFirst Commercial Silicon Transistor
TI engineer Gordon Teal announced the world's first commercial silicon transistor at the Institute of Radio Engineers convention, shocking competitors who had not believed silicon transistors were manufacturable at commercial volumes. The silicon transistor's ability to operate at much higher temperatures than germanium transistors made it far more suitable for military and industrial applications, giving TI an immediate competitive advantage.
Source: en.wikipedia.orgJack Kilby Invents the Integrated Circuit
On September 12, 1958, TI engineer Jack Kilby demonstrated the world's first working integrated circuit, a small piece of germanium containing a transistor, capacitor, and resistors connected by metal wire on a single substrate. The demonstration solved the 'tyranny of numbers' problem that had limited electronic system complexity and laid the conceptual foundation for the microprocessor, the personal computer, the smartphone, and every major digital technology that followed.
Source: en.wikipedia.orgFirst Handheld Electronic Calculator
TI introduced the Datamath, the world's first commercial handheld electronic calculator powered by a single integrated circuit chip that TI designed and manufactured. The Datamath sold for 149.95 dollars at introduction and demonstrated TI's ability to commercialize its semiconductor technology in consumer products, though aggressive price competition in the calculator market would eventually erode margins industry-wide.
Source: en.wikipedia.orgTMS9900: World's First Single-Chip 16-Bit Microprocessor
TI introduced the TMS9900, the world's first commercially available single-chip 16-bit microprocessor. The TMS9900 was used as the CPU of the TI-99/4 and TI-99/4A home computers and demonstrated TI's leading position in microprocessor design, though the company's home computer venture ultimately proved commercially unsuccessful.
Source: en.wikipedia.orgExit from Home Computer Market
Texas Instruments announced the discontinuation of the TI-99/4A home computer following losses estimated at approximately 660 million dollars from its consumer PC business. The withdrawal marked a significant strategic inflection point for TI, reinforcing institutional caution about consumer-facing hardware markets and redirecting organizational focus toward semiconductor components for industrial and commercial customers.
Source: en.wikipedia.orgDigital Light Processing Technology Commercial Launch
TI commercially launched Digital Light Processing technology based on the Digital Micromirror Device chip invented by engineer Larry Hornbeck in 1987. DLP technology went on to power hundreds of millions of projectors, digital cinema screens, and televisions globally, and Hornbeck's invention is today recognized as one of the landmark achievements in MEMS semiconductor history.
Source: en.wikipedia.orgNational Semiconductor Acquisition for 6.5 Billion Dollars
TI completed the acquisition of National Semiconductor Corporation for approximately 6.5 billion dollars in cash, adding National's extensive analog product portfolioparticularly in power management and audio amplifiersto TI's catalog. The acquisition made TI the leader in analog semiconductors by revenue and added manufacturing facilities and customer relationships that significantly expanded TI's market reach.
Source: en.wikipedia.orgExit from Mobile Application Processor Business
Texas Instruments formally exited the mobile application processor market, discontinuing development of its OMAP processor line that had powered smartphones and tablets from Nokia, Motorola, Amazon, and Barnes and Noble. The exit freed approximately 1 billion dollars per year in research and development spending and redirected TI's engineering resources toward the industrial and automotive analog markets that management viewed as more defensible and more aligned with TI's manufacturing strengths.
Source: en.wikipedia.orgCHIPS Act Manufacturing Expansion Announcement
TI announced plans to construct new 300-millimeter semiconductor fabrication facilities in Sherman, Texas, and to expand its Lehi, Utah facility acquired from Micron Technology. The planned investment of approximately 30 billion dollars over the following decade represented one of the largest single-company semiconductor manufacturing investments in US history and was subsequently supported by CHIPS and Science Act investment tax credits.
Source: en.wikipedia.orgHaviv Ilan Becomes CEO
Haviv Ilan assumed the role of President and Chief Executive Officer of Texas Instruments, succeeding Rich Templeton who had served as CEO since 2004. Ilan, who had served in senior executive roles at TI since 2009 including as President and Chief Operating Officer, continued the company's strategic focus on analog and embedded processing markets and its manufacturing investment program during the semiconductor industry down-cycle.
Source: en.wikipedia.orgMajor Acquisitions
Burr-Brown Corporation
2000TI acquired Burr-Brown, an Arizona-based analog and mixed-signal semiconductor company, for approximately 7.6 billion dollars in an all-stock transaction in 2000. Burr-Brown was among the most respected precision analog semiconductor designers in the world, with particular strength in high-resolution data converters, audio digital-to-analog converters, operational amplifiers, and instrumentation amplifiers used in test and measurement, medical, and industrial applications. The acquisition was intended to strengthen TI's analog portfolio at a time when the company was establishing its leadership in analog semiconductors as a strategic priority.
National Semiconductor Corporation
2011TI acquired National Semiconductor, the Santa Clara-based analog semiconductor pioneer, for approximately 6.5 billion dollars in cash in 2011, in what was at the time the largest semiconductor acquisition TI had ever executed. National Semiconductor had been one of the founding companies of the Silicon Valley semiconductor industry, and its product portfolioparticularly in power management, audio amplifiers, display drivers, and interface circuitswas complementary to but minimally overlapping with TI's existing analog catalog. The acquisition was explicitly motivated by TI's strategy to achieve leadership in the analog semiconductor market by product count, manufacturing scale, and customer reach.
Micron Technology Lehi, Utah Facility
2021Texas Instruments acquired Micron Technology's 300-millimeter semiconductor fabrication facility in Lehi, Utah, for approximately 900 million dollars in 2021. The Lehi facility, which Micron had been operating for NAND flash memory production, was purchased by TI as a ready-made 300-millimeter manufacturing shell that could be converted to analog semiconductor production at significantly lower cost and faster timeline than constructing a new greenfield facility. The acquisition was a key element of TI's strategy to rapidly expand its 300-millimeter analog manufacturing capacity in the United States.
Unitrode Corporation
1999TI acquired Unitrode Corporation, a Massachusetts-based power management semiconductor company, for approximately 2.5 billion dollars in 2000. Unitrode was a regarded specialist in power supply control integrated circuits, battery charger ICs, and power management components used in servers, telecom equipment, and portable electronicsproduct categories where TI had limited presence at the time of the acquisition. The deal was part of TI's late-1990s and early-2000s strategy of acquiring analog specialists to rapidly build the power management portfolio depth needed to compete effectively in the fast-growing semiconductor power management market.
Silicon Laboratories (Silicon Labs)
2026All-cash agreement at $231 per share to add Silicon Labs' wireless connectivity SoCs for industrial and IoT devices to TI's embedded portfolio and move their production onto TI's own fabs over time.
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Texas Instruments Company History FAQ
When, where, and under what name was Texas Instruments originally founded?
Texas Instruments originated in 1930 in Dallas, Texas, as Geophysical Service Inc. (GSI), a pioneering oil exploration firm that used reflection seismology to map subterranean petroleum deposits.
How did Geophysical Service Inc. transition into Texas Instruments in 1951?
In 1941, Cecil H. Green, J. Erik Jonsson, Eugene McDermott, and H. Bates Peacock bought GSI. Following defense electronics contracts in World War II, executive Patrick E. Haggerty led a corporate reorganization in 1951, renaming the company Texas Instruments Incorporated (TI).
How did Texas Instruments pioneer the commercial silicon transistor in 1954?
In May 1954, TI research scientist Dr. Gordon Teal developed the world's first commercially viable silicon transistor, overcoming the severe temperature limitations of germanium and rendering vacuum tubes obsolete.
What was the Regency TR-1 and why was it historic for consumer electronics?
Introduced in October 1954, the Regency TR-1 was the world's first pocket transistor radio, co-developed by TI to prove to a skeptical electronics industry that mass-produced transistors could create compact consumer products.
Who was Jack Kilby and how did he invent the integrated circuit (IC) at TI in 1958?
In July 1958, newly hired TI engineer Jack Kilby conceived the "monolithic idea"—building all circuit components (resistors, capacitors, transistors) on a single piece of semiconductor material. His working prototype in September 1958 earned him the 2000 Nobel Prize in Physics.
How did Texas Instruments invent the handheld electronic calculator in 1967?
In 1967, a TI engineering team led by Jack Kilby developed the "Cal-Tech" prototype, leading to the commercial launch of the Datamath handheld calculator in 1972 and laying the groundwork for the iconic TI-81 and TI-84 educational graphing calculators.
Why did TI exit consumer computers and DRAM memory in the 1980s and 1990s?
After suffering heavy losses from brutal price wars in home computers (TI-99/4A) and commodity DRAM memory chips, TI strategically divested its DRAM business to Micron Technology in 1998 to focus entirely on high-margin analog and digital signal processing.
What was the landmark acquisition of National Semiconductor in 2011?
In September 2011, TI acquired Silicon Valley rival National Semiconductor for $6.5 billion in cash, instantly expanding its analog portfolio with 12,000 specialized power management and signal chain products.
Why did Texas Instruments pioneer 300mm wafer manufacturing for analog chips?
In 2009, TI built the world's first 300mm (12-inch) analog wafer fab (RFAB in Richardson, Texas). Because 300mm wafers yield 2.3 times more die than traditional 200mm wafers, TI achieved a permanent ~40% structural manufacturing cost advantage over competitors.
What was the Lehi, Utah (LFAB) acquisition in 2021?
In October 2021, TI acquired an existing 300mm semiconductor fabrication facility in Lehi, Utah, from Micron Technology for $900 million, rapidly converting it to manufacture proprietary analog and embedded chips.
What is the multi-billion-dollar Sherman, Texas mega-fab investment?
TI committed over $30 billion to construct four linked 300mm fabs in Sherman, Texas, with the first fab (SM1) commencing high-volume commercial production in December 2025 supported by U.S. CHIPS Act grants.
What was the milestone agreement to acquire Silicon Labs for $7.5 billion in 2026?
In early 2026, TI entered into a definitive agreement to acquire Austin-based Silicon Laboratories for approximately $7.5 billion in cash, dramatically expanding its wireless microcontroller portfolio for industrial IoT and smart energy.
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