In the late 1850s, French-Canadian merchants in Quebec City faced chronic credit shortages, as existing financial institutions were dominated by English-speaking commercial interests centered in Montreal. Determined to create an institution dedicated to fostering local Francophone commerce, industry, and civic development, a syndicate of civic leaders led by lawyer and future senator Ulric-Joseph Tessier, prominent financier François Vézina, and leading merchant Jean-Baptiste Renaud established Banque Nationale on May 4, 1859. The bank commenced operations issuing its own banknotes and discounting commercial paper for local timber merchants, shipbuilders, and agricultural traders. Weathering economic panics and industrial transformations, Banque Nationale merged with Montreal's Banque d'Hochelaga in 1924 to form Banque Canadienne Nationale (BCN), which in 1979 merged with The Provincial Bank of Canada to establish the modern National Bank of Canada.