ASML Holding vs Cisco: Revenue, Profit and Business Model
ASML Holding reported ~$36.9B of revenue in FY2025 and ~$10.9B of net income. Cisco reported $63.3B of revenue in FY2026 and $13.3B of net income.
Latest financial snapshot
ASML Holding
- Latest revenue
- ~$36.9B (FY2025)
- Net income
- ~$10.9B
- Net margin
- 29.4%
- Revenue growth
- +18.9% a year, FY2016–FY2025
Cisco
- Latest revenue
- $63.3B (FY2026)
- Net income
- $13.3B
- Net margin
- 21.0%
- Revenue growth
- +3.1% a year, FY2017–FY2026
Financial summary
ASML Holding
ASML's financial profile reflects a sole-source position in a concentrated market. In 2025 total net sales rose 15.6 percent to ~$37 billion (32.7 billion euros), gross profit was ~$19.5 billion (17.3 billion euros) for a gross margin of 52.8 percent, income from operations was ~$12.8 billion (11.3 billion euros), and net income was ~$10.8 billion (9.6 billion euros), a net margin of 29.4 percent, on basic earnings per share of 24.73 euros. R&D spending was ~$5.31 billion (4.7 billion euros), or 14.4 percent of sales, and selling, general and administrative costs were ~$1.47 billion (1.3 billion euros). Operating cash flow was ~$14.4 billion (12.7 billion euros) and free cash flow ~$12.4 billion (11.0 billion euros), helped by customer down payments received before systems are delivered. ASML returned ~$9.61 billion (8.5 billion euros) to shareholders in 2025, including ~$6.67 billion (5.9 billion euros) of share buybacks, and proposed an annualized dividend of 7.50 euros per share against 6.40 euros for 2024. It held ~$15 billion (13.3 billion euros) of cash and short-term investments at year end. The main financial exposures are the concentration of sales in a few customers and the export control regime covering China, which was 29.1 percent of 2025 sales.
Cisco
Cisco's revenue fell 5.6% to $53.8 billion in FY2024 as customers worked through excess inventory, then recovered to $56.7 billion in FY2025 and a record $63.3 billion in FY2026 (up 12%). FY2026 GAAP net income was about $13.3 billion, GAAP EPS was $3.33 (up 31%), and non-GAAP EPS was $4.33. Growth accelerated through the year: Q4 FY2026 revenue was $17.3 billion, up 18%, with product revenue up 24% and total product orders up 35%. Cisco said it recognized about $4 billion of AI infrastructure revenue from hyperscalers in FY2026 and expects about $7.5 billion in FY2027, within total FY2027 revenue guidance of $72.2-73.4 billion. The company also pays a quarterly dividend and buys back stock.
Revenue and profit by year
ASML Holding
| Year | Revenue | Net income | Margin | Growth | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FY2025 | ~$36.9B | ~$10.9B | 29.4% | +15.6% | Source |
| FY2024 | ~$31.9B | ~$8.6B | 26.8% | +2.6% | Source |
| FY2023 | ~$31.1B | ~$8.9B | 28.4% | +30.2% | Source |
| FY2022 | ~$23.9B | ~$6.4B | 26.6% | +13.8% | Source |
| FY2021 | ~$21B | ~$6.6B | 31.6% | +33.1% | Source |
| FY2020 | ~$15.8B | ~$4B | 25.4% | +18.3% | Source |
| FY2019 | ~$13.4B | ~$2.9B | 21.9% | +8.0% | Source |
| FY2018 | ~$12.4B | ~$2.9B | 23.7% | +22.1% | Source |
| FY2017 | ~$10.1B | ~$2.3B | 23.1% | +30.4% | Source |
| FY2016 | ~$7.8B | ~$1.8B | 22.7% | — | Source |
Cisco
| Year | Revenue | Net income | Margin | Growth | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FY2026 | $63.3B | $13.3B | 21.0% | +11.8% | Source |
| FY2025 | $56.7B | $10.2B | 18.0% | +5.3% | Source |
| FY2024 | $53.8B | $10.3B | 19.2% | -5.6% | Source |
| FY2023 | $57B | $12.6B | 22.1% | +10.6% | Source |
| FY2022 | $51.6B | $11.8B | 22.9% | +3.5% | Source |
| FY2021 | $49.8B | $10.6B | 21.3% | +1.0% | Source |
| FY2020 | $49.3B | $11.2B | 22.7% | -5.0% | Source |
| FY2019 | $51.9B | $11.6B | 22.4% | +5.2% | Source |
| FY2018 | $49.3B | $110M | 0.2% | +2.8% | Source |
| FY2017 | $48B | $9.6B | 20.0% | — | Source |
Where the revenue comes from
ASML Holding
- DUV lithography system sales~37%
Deep ultraviolet system sales were ~$13.6 billion (12,047.0 million euros) in 2025, or 36.9 percent of total net sales. The bulk is ArF immersion on the TWINSCAN NXT platform, 131 units for ~$11.7 billion (10,311.4 million euros), with dry ArF, KrF and i-line systems on the XT platform adding 148 units for ~$1.96 billion (1,735.6 million euros). DUV serves both advanced nodes in combination with multiple patterning and mature-node production for automotive, power and analog chips. China is the largest destination for mainstream DUV, and ASML said its China DUV business in 2025 was stronger than it had expected while mainstream demand elsewhere stayed weak.
- EUV lithography system sales~36%
Extreme ultraviolet system sales were ~$13.1 billion (11,602.7 million euros) in 2025, or 35.5 percent of total net sales, made up of 44 NXE systems for ~$11.8 billion (10,445.8 million euros) and four High-NA EXE systems for ~$1.31 billion (1,156.9 million euros). EUV is the segment where ASML has no competitor. Growth in 2025 came from the higher-productivity NXE:3800E in advanced logic and, increasingly, DRAM, where lower cost per exposure widened adoption. EUV also accounted for ~$28.8 billion (25.5 billion euros) of the ~$43.8 billion (38.8 billion euro) backlog at the end of 2025.
- Service and field option sales~25%
Net service and field option sales were ~$9.26 billion (8,193.0 million euros) in 2025, or 25.1 percent of total net sales, up 26.2 percent on 2024. This is maintenance, spare parts, remote support, refurbishment and performance upgrades sold into the installed base, and ASML reports it as a single category rather than splitting service from field options. Growth came from a larger installed base, higher tool use at some customers and a large volume of NXE:3800E field upgrades, which shifted part of what would have been new system revenue into installed base revenue.
- Metrology and inspection systems~3%
Metrology and inspection systems were ~$932 million (824.6 million euros) in 2025, or 2.5 percent of total net sales, across 208 units, up from 165 units and ~$729 million (645.5 million euros) in 2024. The category covers YieldStar optical metrology and HMI e-beam inspection. It is small in revenue terms but it supplies the measurement data that ASML's computational lithography software uses to tune scanner settings, which is why ASML sells it as part of a holistic lithography package rather than as standalone equipment.
Cisco
- Secure, Agile Networks (Networking)~49%
Enterprise switching, routing, and wireless products including Catalyst, Nexus, and Meraki platforms. Cisco's largest and most established segment.
- Security~11%
Cybersecurity products including firewalls, zero-trust solutions, XDR, and the Splunk observability platform acquired in 2024 for $28 billion.
- Collaboration~9%
Webex video conferencing, unified communications, contact center solutions, and collaboration devices for hybrid work environments.
- Observability~8%
Full-stack observability including AppDynamics, ThousandEyes, and Splunk's SIEM/observability capabilities for monitoring application and network performance.
- Services~23%
Technical support, advisory services, and implementation services tied to Cisco's hardware and software portfolio. High-margin recurring revenue stream.
Business model and strategy
ASML Holding
How it makes money
ASML designs and assembles lithography systems, sells them to a small number of chipmakers, and then earns recurring revenue maintaining and upgrading the installed base. In 2025, net system sales were ~$27.7 billion (24.5 billion euros), or 74.9 percent of total net sales, and net service and field option sales were ~$9.27 billion (8.2 billion euros), or 25.1 percent.
Growth strategy
Growth depends on how fast chipmakers add advanced capacity and on how quickly ASML can build systems. In EUV, the workhorse is the TWINSCAN NXE:3800E, whose higher productivity drove 2025 EUV sales and a large volume of field upgrades on installed systems; ASML recognized 44 NXE systems for ~$11.8 billion (10.4 billion euros) in 2025.
Competitive advantage
ASML's competitive advantage is the difficulty of building an EUV machine at all. The system fires a high-power laser at molten tin droplets roughly 50,000 times a second to create a plasma that emits 13.5 nanometer light, which cannot pass through glass or air and so must be steered by mirrors polished to near-atomic smoothness inside a vacuum.
Cisco
How it makes money
Cisco makes money in two ways: product sales and services. Products (switches, routers, wireless, Silicon One-based data center and AI networking gear, firewalls, Splunk and other security and observability software, and Webex) made up about $13.5 billion of the $17.3 billion Q4 FY2026 revenue, while services (technical support, advisory, and maintenance contracts) contributed about $3.8 billion.
Growth strategy
Cisco's growth plan rests on three areas. First, AI infrastructure: Silicon One chips, Nexus and Cisco 8000 systems, and optics sold to hyperscalers and, increasingly, to neoclouds, sovereign AI projects, and enterprises building their own AI clusters. Second, campus and branch refresh, as enterprises upgrade switching and Wi-Fi for AI workloads.
Competitive advantage
Cisco's advantage is how deeply its equipment is built into corporate networks. The saying in IT is that 'nobody ever got fired for buying Cisco': large banks and other enterprises choose it for reliability. Replacing an integrated Cisco network with cheaper hardware is a multi-year project with real risk, so most CIOs stay, which gives Cisco a durable installed base.
Questions about ASML Holding vs Cisco
Which company has higher revenue — ASML Holding NV or Cisco Systems, Inc.?
ASML Holding NV reported ~$36.9B (FY2025), while Cisco Systems, Inc. reported $63.3B (FY2026). By last reported revenue, Cisco Systems, Inc. is the larger business, with ASML Holding NV reporting a smaller revenue base. Note: these are from different fiscal years and are not a direct like-for-like comparison.
What is the market cap of ASML Holding NV vs Cisco Systems, Inc.?
ASML Holding NV's market capitalisation stands at $696.4B, while Cisco Systems, Inc.'s is $420.7B. ASML Holding NV carries the higher market valuation, reflecting investors' expectations of its future earnings power relative to Cisco Systems, Inc..
Which is more financially efficient — ASML Holding NV or Cisco Systems, Inc.?
ASML Holding NV generates $835k / employee in revenue per employee, while Cisco Systems, Inc. generates $769k / employee. ASML Holding NV shows higher revenue efficiency per headcount, though this reflects business model differences — capital-light software companies routinely outperform labour-intensive manufacturers on this metric.
How do ASML Holding NV and Cisco Systems, Inc. make money?
ASML Holding NV and Cisco Systems, Inc. generate revenue in fundamentally different ways. ASML Holding NV: ASML designs and assembles lithography systems, sells them to a small number of chipmakers, and then earns recurring revenue maintaining and upgrading the installed base. Cisco Systems, Inc.: Cisco makes money in two ways: product sales and services.
Which company is valued higher relative to revenue — ASML Holding NV or Cisco Systems, Inc.?
On a price-to-sales (P/S) basis, ASML Holding NV trades at 18.9x P/S and Cisco Systems, Inc. at 6.6x P/S. ASML Holding NV commands a higher revenue multiple, typically indicating that investors expect faster growth or higher future margins compared to Cisco Systems, Inc.. A higher multiple is not inherently better — it may also signal that the stock is priced for perfection.
Is ASML Holding NV bigger than Cisco Systems, Inc.?
By last reported revenue, Cisco Systems, Inc. ($63.3B (FY2026)) is the larger company compared to ASML Holding NV (~$36.9B (FY2025)). Revenue scale is one dimension of size — market capitalisation, employee count, and geographic reach are also relevant depending on the context.
Figures come from each company's filings and the sources linked beside them. Amounts reported in another currency are shown in US dollars at an approximate rate and marked with ~. Back to the ASML Holding vs Cisco overview